Amamentar é o ato, por parte de uma fêmea de mamífero, de alimentar as suas crias com o leite que produzem. Baleias e golfinhos são mamíferos marinhos, o que significa que também amamentam as suas crias, dependendo diretamente do leite da mãe nos primeiros anos de vida.
Após o nascimento, é fundamental que a cria receba o colostro e o leite da mãe. A principal diferença entre o leite dos mamíferos marinhos e o leite humano é a sua composição. O colostro, além de ser exclusivamente o primeiro líquido mamário, é mais rico em componentes essenciais para a imunidade do recém-nascido. À medida que a cria cresce, a composição do leite muda, adaptando-se às necessidades do novo membro da família. As baleias podem dar às suas crias cerca de 570 litros de leite diariamente.
No caso dos Odontoceti (baleias dentadas), a amamentação pode durar até 2 anos, e o teor de gordura do leite é menor do que nos Mysticeti (baleias de barbas). Devido ao comportamento migratório das baleias de barbas, a amamentação dura no máximo 10 meses, mas o leite tem uma percentagem de gordura maior – 10 vezes mais do que o leite humano. Portanto, o leite de baleia é mais espesso, semelhante a um iogurte, o que facilita a ingestão debaixo d’água.
Mas, se não têm lábios, como é que as crias bebem o leite?
Os mamíferos marinhos desenvolveram “fendas mamárias”, que são dobras especiais de pele que envolvem glândulas de alimentação, comumente chamadas de mamilos invertidos. Com este tipo de mamilo a fêmea fica mais hidrodinâmica, então para liberar o leite a cria pressiona a cavidade do mamilo com a mandíbula e o leite é injetado na boca. Ainda não está completamente compreendido se os músculos especializados contraem as glândulas mamárias e espremem o leite na boca do bebé ou se a cria canaliza o leite dobrando a língua.
Artigo de blog escrita pela nossa bióloga Fátima Pérez.
Reserve a sua experiência connosco aqui.
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